Yoga is rooted in ancient Indian traditions, especially texts like Yoga Sutras of Patanjli, It emphasises the eight limbs of yoga, which include ethical practices, physical postures, breath control, concentration and meditation. Ultimately it is about achieving a state of unity between body, mind and spirit, and fostering inner peace and self-awareness.
The term Hatha was first recorded in the 11th century, but it wasn't until the late 19th century that it came to the west, gaining mainstream popularity in the 1960s.
Ancient yoga texts:
Vedas 4000-2000BC- the oldest scriptures of India. The contain hymns, rituals, and early references to meditation and breath practices.
Upanishads 2000-600BC- Philosophical writings that explore the nature of the self (Atman), ultimate reality (Brahman), and meditative practices.
Bhagavad Gita 300BC-300AD- Part of the Mahabharata. It teaches different paths of yoga.
- Karma Yoga (selfless action)
- Bhakti Yoga (devotion)
- Juana Yoga (Knowledge)
- Dhyana Yoga (meditation)
Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 200AD- A foundational text systematising yoga into eight limbs, covering ethics, postures, breath, concentration and meditation.
Hatha Yoga Pradipika 1000AD- A key text on Hatha Yoga, focusing on postures (asanas), breath (pranayama), energy locks (bandhas), and cleansing practices (shatkarmas).
Gheranda Samhita (17th century CE) -Another major Hatha Yoga text, presenting yoga as a seven-fold practice including purification, asana, mudra, meditation and samadhi.
Shiva Samhita (c.14th-17th century CE) - A comprehensive text on yoga philosophy and practice, emphasising energy channels (nadis) and Kundalini awakening.